Research is a systematic and organized process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information to answer questions, solve problems, or create new knowledge. It involves critical thinking, logical reasoning, and evidence-based investigation to explore issues, test ideas, and contribute to academic or practical understanding.

How to Do Research?

Identify a Research Topic
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Preliminary Literature Review
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Formulate Research Questions / Hypotheses
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Select Research Methodology
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Design Research Plan
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Collect Data
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Analyze Data
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Interpret Results
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Write Research Report → 🔄 goes back to literature

Research Process Explained

1. Identify a Research Topic
Choose a meaningful and researchable broad topic, then narrow it down. It should be relevant to your field and interesting enough to study.
Example: Social media’s impact on student learning.

2. Preliminary Literature Review
Read books, articles, and journals to understand what is already known. This helps identify research gaps.
Example: Most studies focus on Facebook, but TikTok is less explored.

3. Formulate Research Questions / Hypotheses
Develop clear questions or testable predictions that guide your study.
Example: Does TikTok usage affect students’ academic performance?

4. Select Research Methodology
Decide how to conduct the research: qualitative (interviews), quantitative (surveys), or mixed methods.
Example: Survey 200 students + interview 10 teachers.

5. Design Research Plan
Prepare a clear plan including sampling method, data collection tools, and timeline.
Example: Use random sampling and distribute online questionnaires.

6. Collect Data
Gather information through surveys, interviews, experiments, or reliable secondary sources.
Example: Use Google Forms to collect responses, conduct interviews via Zoom, or gather data in person.

7. Analyze Data
Utilize software tools or statistical and qualitative techniques to identify patterns, relationships, and key themes.
Example: SPSS reveals a correlation between time spent on TikTok and reduced study hours.

8. Interpret Results
Explain what the findings mean, compare them with existing literature, and answer your research questions.
Example: TikTok distracts students, but also helps in collaborative learning.

9. Write Research Report
Present the study in a structured way: Introduction → Literature Review → Methodology → Findings → Discussion → Conclusion.
Example: Write thesis, article, or conference paper.

🔄 After writing, research often leads back to new literature, opening opportunities for further study.